Here I read to you ten concise stories using vocabulary words off an SAT list. I translate them in another reading of the same story in simpler words. TITLES: 155 THE BAD UNION CONTRACT 156 THE BAD UNION CONTRACT 157 WHY THE CLIMATE CHANGE THEORY IS WRONG 158 PASSION IN A CHURCH 159 THERE ARE NOW SCIENTIFIC CONCLUSIONS ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE 160 WHY PEOPLE MAKE UP WRONG WORD MEANINGS 161 THE GOOD STONE SELLER 162 A BAD KNIGHT 163 THE TEACHER LIKES BRACHIOPODS 164 THE INDIAN SAGES’S POTION

Here I read story stories with ten vocabulary words in each. I translate to simpler words. The titles are: HOW THE ROCK STAR LOST HER FREEDOM WHAT STOPPED BIBLE STUDY, IN THE DAY FAKE ARMOR I BOUGHT HOW THE USA CAN GET ITSELF OUT OF TROUBLE HOW ROCKY MARCIANO WON HIS FIGHTS This is an easy way to brush up on your words.

I am recording vocabulary stories as a more efficient way to put them on TES. (I’m writing them faster than I can upload them one by one,) The titles are: 176 BODY SNATCHING IN 19TH CENTURY ENGLAND 177 WHAT WAS ROME’S REACTION TO JULIUS CAESAR? 178 WHY THE PRE-REVOLUTIONARY ECONOMY WAS IN TROUBLE 179 WHAT THE CHURCH DID TO UPSET REFORMATION PREACHERS

HERE I HAVE RECORDED TEN STORIES USING TEN VOCABULARY WORDS EACH. I HAVE ALSO PROVIDED A TRANSLATION FOR EACH INTO SIMPLER WORDS.

A few stories read o you. The idea is to get a list of ten vocabulary words. Make a short story, then rephrase it is other simpler words. Included are sound files with these stories.

HERE ARE TEN VOCABULARY STORIES READ TO YOU WITH TRANSLATIONS INTO SIMPLER WORDS.

A WAY TO STUDY PREFIXES, SUFFIXES AND ROOTS

In this story I read the vocabulary story and the translation on an audio file.

A SIMPLE RETRO PROGRAM THAT PRESENTS VOCABULARY WORDS. WORDS MARCH ACROSS TE SCREEN. WORDS E-M

A PROGRAM THAT MARCHES WORDS ACROSS THE SCREEN. A RETRO PROGRAM LIKE OLD VIDEO GAMES. WORDS A-D

VOCABULARY STORY 119 WW2 GENERATION VS. TODAY’S The WW2 generation had vigor. The judicious intrepid application of sustained power made it an inexorable force. Put them in juxtaposition to today’s reprehensible generation with its profusion of traitors and weaklings! Any idea of its victory in war is illusory. The WW2 generation had vitality. The wise bold use of continuous power made it an unstoppable force. Put them side by side to today’s disgraceful generation with its crowd of traitors and weaklings! Any idea of its victory in war is a pipe dream.

A PROGRAM THAT HAS WORDS MARCH.

YOU PICK THE LENGTH OF THE WORDS YOU WANT TO SPELL. THE PROGRAM SPEAKS A WORD. YOU SPELL IT OUT LOUD OR ON PAPER. THE COMPUTER SHOWS YOU THE CORRECT SPELLING. THE COMPUTER CHOOSES FROM ITS 17,000 WORD BANK.

Here are 130 talking stories to teach vocabulary.

VOCABULARY STORY 116 TIMING THE STOCK MARKET A cursory look at the Stock Market shows it fluctuates widely. Proponents of market timing have used innovations like graphic computer models. This hardy cerebral bunch has a sort of detachment. They are prone to condoning recanting advice on a dime. A casual look at the Stock Market shows it varies widely. Advocates of market timing have used new things like pictorial computer models. This tough brainy bunch has a sort of aloofness. They are likely to consent to taking back advice on short notice.

VOCABULARY STORY 111 BIG STEAM ENGINES The predecessors of today's diesel locomotives were ponderous steam engines. Though their technology has been surpassed, it would be duplicit to belittle these figurative work horses. Running one was not a perfunctory affair. Impeccable preparation and operation were required for safety. Indefatigable taciturn crews with a predilection for hard yet meticulous work ran them. The forerunners of today's diesel locomotives were gigantic steam engines. Though their technology has been superceded, it would be deceitful to make light of these metaphorical work horses. Running one was not an automatic affair. Perfect preparation and operation were required for safety. Tireless, gruff crews with an inclination for hard yet precise work ran them.

VOCABULARY STORY 117 HOW TO DOCUMENT HISTORICAL LANGUAGE CHANGES IN ENGLISH There is a paucity of documents to edify about concise details of how Old English evolved into later versions. The record is mostly quiescent due to illiteracy and the ravages of time. IndIscriminate pedestrian letters do show when a person who was eloquent but lacking in standard spelling skills, it left clues to language change. The person sounded out how he was speaking which was gradually changing. There is a lack of documents to inform about nice clearcut details of how Old English changed into later versions. The record is mostly silent due to lack of the ability to read and the destructiveness of time. Random ordinary letters do show when a person who was expressive but lacking in standard spelling skills, it left clues to language change. The person sounded out how he was speaking which was gradually changing.

VOCABULARY STORY 118 WHY ROME SHOULD HAVE KEPT NORTH AFRICA A cogent if rudimentary case can be made why Rome should have protected North Africa. The food from there kept the Empire solvent. It would have been sage to have military forces to have the Barbarians show restraint. As it was, they crossed over into North Africa and were pervasive all over. It kindled problems with coercion as the Barbarians despoiled the land. People became resigned and inured to the situation. Food and taxes stopped going to Rome. A convincing if simplistic case can be made why Rome should have protected North Africa. The food from there kept the Empire financially workable. It would have been wise to have military forces to have the Barbarians show control. As it was, they crossed over into North Africa and were everywhere all over. It started problems with violent robberies as the Barbarians despoiled the land. People became fatalistic and used to the situation. Food and taxes stopped going to Rome.

WHY VOCABULARY STORIES WITH A PARAPHRASED VERSION ARE USEFUL. I am writing these stories so you can paraphrase them. It makes vocabulary learning an active process. What does “presumptuous” mean? When fit into a story, in context; what would be a good replacement for it, into simpler language perhaps. So, my stories are just a chance to give you the opportunity to think of elegant translation words. We continually do this as we gauge our audiences. We want to use big words yet be understood. Sometimes “big” words take a few words to replace them. Words have shades of meaning. My inspiration was a recent translation of Beowulf from Old English. The translation had to have the flair of the original (using wimpy Modern English?); perhaps a looser translation is more appropriate? The Bible translators too, strain to get the meaning of the original; it is a real challenge and debate with bigger stakes. So, beyond the topics, which can be interesting; these stories challenge you to go to your dictionaries to find the right fit to say the same thing. I give my translation (answer) to each story. This could be a daily exercise like a crossword puzzle in the newspapers. I know it’s good for me. So, look at them anew with this in mind. Paul Skittone

VOCABULARY STORY 103 WHY THE USA BEING ISOLATED FROM EUROPE IS GOOD People don't appreciate the advantages of the USA being insular to Europe. The seperation gives a dimunition of acute turbulent influences. The USA can remain indifferent to random obscure movements and feelings from abroad. So Americans, though malleable, have not been affected by European things and have had to appease European powers. They did their own thing. People don't recognize the podsitive side of the USA being remote to Europe. The seperation gives a lessening of radical violent influences. The USA can remain uninterested in haphazard hidden movements and feelings from abroad. So Americans, though shapable, have been swayed by Europe and have had to satisfy European powers. They did their own thing. DOWNLOAD TO SEE THESE STORIES: VOCABULARY STORY 104 HOW DID KING GEORGE REACTED TO THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION? VOCABULARY STORY 106 WHY THE AMERICAN HATED ENGLAND’S GOVERNORS VOCABULARY STORY 107 HOW THOMAS PAINE’S WRITINGS CHANGED HISTORY VOCABULARY STORY 108 HAROLD CARTER FINDS AND PRESERVES KING TUT’S TREASURE VOCABULARY STORY 109 HOW GEORGE WASHINGTON BEAT MIGHTY ENGLAND VOCABULARY STORY 110 HOW THE BLACK PLAGUE KILLED EUROPE VOCABULARY STORY 111 wHAT WAS PRESIDENT LINCOLN’S BURDEN? VOCABULARY STORY 112 WHY STEAM ENGINES WERE DANGEROUS VOCABULARY STORY 113 TIMING THE MARKET VOCABULARY STORY 114 HOW SCHOLARS KNOW ABOUT HOW THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE HAS CHANGED